(481) The Current State of Women in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

Introduction: Women represent 36% of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residents and faculty. Although much of recent research has focused on the advancement of Women in Otolaryngology, no studies have systematically investigated the current published literature on the state of Women in OHNS. We aim to understand the progress that has been made and to identify current disparities and experiences affecting women in OHNS.

Methods: PubMED, SCOPUS, and EMBASE online databases were systematically searched in May of 2023. Articles were included if they answered one of the following questions: 1) How has gender diversity of OHNS residency programs changed over the last four decades? 2) How has diversity of OHNS leadership positions changed? 3) How has the gender diversity of academic OHNS changed? 4) What factors and experiences have the most impact on women in OHNS? Non-English language articles, commentary, and editorial articles were excluded.

Results: Four hundred and seven unique articles were identified with 70 articles meeting inclusion criteria. The percentage of female OHNS residents has increased from 32.7% in 2010 to 38% in 2022. The percentage of female program directors has increased from 12.7% in 2012 to 26.5% in 2019 with the percentage of female chairs increasing from 3.6% to 5.1%. Overall, women in leadership had lower academic ranks, fewer years of practice, and lower H indices.

Conclusions: A discrepancy in gender diversity at the highest levels of OHNS leadership remains. By reflecting on our progress, shortcomings, and factors impacting women in OHNS, we may better provide future mentorship and sponsorship.