Development and Validation of Parosmia Olfactory Dysfunction Outcomes Rating (DisODOR)

Tuesday, October 3, 2023

8:18 AM - 8:24 AM East Coast USA Time

Location: 103BC

Presenting Author(s)

Patrick J. Ioerger, BS

Medical Student
University of Kansas School of Medicine
Saint Charles, MO, United States

Co-Author(s)

Patrick J. Ioerger, BS

Medical Student
University of Kansas School of Medicine
Saint Charles, MO, United States
Nyssa F. Farrell, MD

Assistant Professor
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, MO, United States

Senior Author(s)

Nyssa F. Farrell, MD

Assistant Professor
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Rhinology, Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, MO, United States

Co-Author(s)

DK

Dorina Kallogjeri, MD, MPH

Assistant Professor
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, USA

Senior Author(s)

Jay F. Piccirillo, MD

Professor, Vice Chair for Research
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
St. Louis, MO, United States

Co-Author(s)

LR

Lauren T. Roland, MD, MSCI

Assistant Professor
Washington University in St Louis
St Louis, MO, United States
John S. Schneider, MD, MA, FACS

Director of Rhinology Associate Professor
Washington University St. Louis
St. Louis, MO, United States

Disclosure(s):

Patrick J. Ioerger, BS: No relevant relationships to disclose.

Jay F. Piccirillo, MD: No relevant relationships to disclose.

Introduction: About 18% of people experience persistent smell change following SARS-CoV-2 that negatively impacts quality of life (QOL). Our objective is to develop and validate a QOL Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) for parosmia and phantosmia.

Methods: This survey study aims to develop and validate the Parosmia Olfactory Dysfunction Outcomes Rating (DisODOR). DisODOR was developed as a modified version of the validated ODOR using input from patients with parosmia and clinical expertise from Otolaryngologists. DisODOR has 59 items scored 0-4 and a maximum score of 236. DisODOR was validated using participants with parosmia from our clinic or from parosmia online support groups with 3 or more months of persistent smell change after SARS-CoV-2 and healthy controls. The instrument was distributed online starting on October 10th, 2022. We aim to assess reliability, face and content validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminative validity, and sensitivity to change of the instrument.

Results: To date, 87 cases and 16 controls have completed DisODOR. The mean (SD) age of cases and controls were respectively 46.89 (12.65), and 27.24 (2.27). Mean (SD) DisODOR score for cases was 96.6 (55.8) with a range of 6-217. Mean (SD) DisODOR score for controls was 0.76 (1.78) with a range of 0-7. DisODOR showed strong test-retest reliability based on correlation (r=.950) of baseline and 2-week follow up scores, and had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=.963). DisODOR had moderate correlation with SNOT-22 scores indicating good convergent validity. The mean DisODOR score difference between cases and controls was 95.8 (82.9-108.71) displaying good discriminative validity. The instrument showed good discrimination for disease severity compared to the score of subjects in global impression of severity categories (eta-squared=.363).

Conclusions: Preliminary evaluation of DisODOR found it to be a valid and reliable QOL PROM instrument for parosmia. Upon completion, the study will identify latent factors of DisODOR and determine the Minimal Clinically Important Difference.